SS310 unit 6 Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SS310 unit 6 Assignment - Research Paper Example the absolute generally intense and significant advance with respect to the ladies to win for themselves equivalent political, social, common and good rights (Dunlop, 1998, p. 246). The very certainty that this show was really held, pervaded the until now dispersed women’s rights bunches in the United States with the confidence and the certainty that ladies were able to do politically sorting out themselves, but on the other hand were equipped for articulating their sane in a composed and strong way (Dunlop, 1998). The resonations of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention could well be felt in the drafting and confirmation of the nineteenth Amendment in 1920, speaking to the fructification of the political and social force released by the Seneca Falls Convention. Subsequently, there is no denying the way that the first Women’s Rights Convention of 1848 of every a way establishes the ordered and ideological focal point of the Women’s Rights Movement directly from its day break to the current day. It speaks to a first socially and politically sorted out and representative dispute with respect to the ladies, against the up to this point existing framework that denied to them the fundamental common, political and monetary rights. It was the 1848 Convention that started a discussion on the issue of women’s right and other related issues. This likewise should be referenced that a considerable lot of the ladies activists being effectively occupied with the nullification development, were just because ready to unequivocally communicate their upsetting with a general public that reached out to them not exactly equivalent rights and that too with resentment. Consequently, the First National Women’s Rights show at Worcester in 1850, will in general be a commendable devotee to the 1848 Convention, which planned to be a litmus test with respect to its coordinators, to test if Women’s Rights Movement could accumulate support from differed a reas of the American culture and whether all was good and well for starting and sorting out this battle. In that sense, the First Women’s Rights

ETHICS FINAL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

An Enemy Of The People :: essays research papers

An Enemy of the People An Enemy of the People, composed by Henrik Ibsen was a play written to show his disturb for the in felt during an antagonistic gathering given to him by the Norwegian open and pundits to his prior play, Ghosts. An Enemy of the People is a tale about a specialist that found that the town he lives in, has gotten a cesspool. In the wake of finding the town’s dearest shower, which is as far as anyone knows makes a difference individuals show signs of improvement and is the primary explanation the town has guests from over the district come visit it, has gotten contaminated with microorganisms that is caused from the water pipes underground. This brought about guests leaving from the town with Typhoid and different disorders. Dr. Stockmann, which is the pioneer of the contamination, attempts to advise the townspeople that they have to fix the water pipes and shower. Confronting a lot of opposition from his sibling the city hall leader, Hovstad the paper editorial manager, and a significant number of the townspeople. This outcomes in Dr. Stockmann lashing out at the entire town for its numbness and falsehoods that this town is based on causing Dr. Stockmann to turn into an adversary of the individuals and being out-threw among his town that he adores. The reason for this book was to show Ibsen’s content toward society in knowing reality. This play was written in 1882 in Europe. Around then, Ibsen needed to show the truth of things that are based on lies and for individuals to become more logical in their examinations instead of being strict savvy. Ibsen was met with a bunch of pundits constraining him to get enraged at society. An Adversary of the People works admirably indicating society in Europe around then at the point when individuals weren’t that inspired by innovation and reality. Individuals didn’t care about having rights and permitted their boss to have the state in all things. This one statement which I found had a lot of centrality in the meaning of this time period was from Mrs. Stockmann. â€Å"Dr. Stockmann: Yes, yet I have directly on mine!† â€Å"Mrs. Stockmann: Right! Indeed, obviously. Be that as it may, what’s the utilization of right without might?† This highlighted me that as of now period, indeed, men were ensured rights, yet the main men that can practice those rights were the influential men. Ibsen began this play with everyone getting along. Dr. Stockmann was on the acceptable side of Hovstad and the remainder of the media of the town. At that point, Ibsen gradually in the play, shows purposes of Dr.

Important presidential elections :: history

Significant presidential decisions Probably the most significant presidential races 1812 The appointment of 1812 comprised of a fight between James Madison, and De Witt Clinton. Madison had spoken to both Democratic and Republican convictions, while Clinton was a Federalist. James Madison was conceived in Port Conway, Va., on March 16, 1751. A Princeton graduate, he joined the battle for freedom on his arrival to Virginia in 1771. He had been a functioning legislator in the 1770's and 1780's. He was extraordinarily know for advocating the Jefferson change program, and in the Continental Congress. Madison, in coordinated effort, had taken part incredibly in the, Federalist, a paper who's principle design was to confirm the constitution. Madison originally became president in 1809, when he bested Charles C. Pickney. He had driven the U.S. in a disagreeable war, wherein the U.S. hadn't been readied for...the War of 1812. De Witt Clinton was a Federalist, who's primary reason for the political race was to get the U.S. out of a war where he felt was pointless. DeWitt held each significant elective office in New York somewhere in the range of 1797 and 1828- - assemblyman, representative, chairman of New York City, lieutenant senator, and senator. He was a giver and benefactor of human expressions and science and, as waterway official, supported development of the Erie and Champlain channels. The strategy wherein these applicants got selection was by the Electoral College, or by King Caucus. The possibility of political shows had not been available as of now. There were no outsider applicants in this political race. The significant issue of this political race was the War of 1812. The War of 1812, or Mr. Madison's War, had been exceptionally disagreeable among various areas of America. For the most part the boat proprietors in New England. The war should ensure. This war should support their transportation, however rather, it had shielded them from exchanging and bringing in cash. The victor of the appointment of 1812 was James Madison. Madison gathered 128 constituent votes, while Clinton got 89, and the quantity of No Votes Cast was 1. The Vice-presidential competitor, who won the political race was Elbridge Gerry, who got 131 constituent votes, while Jared Ingersoll got 86. There was no record of the quantity of well known decisions in favor of this political decision. My assessment of why Madison had won the political decision is on the grounds that he had driven the nation into the War of 1812, and thusly, he ought to be permitted to battle it.

Tendering Processes in Private Partnerships †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Tendering Processes in Private Partnerships. Answer: Presentation: In Australia, the agreement is administered by the Contract law and to certain degree, work law. The term contract indicates an understanding that is enforceable by law. Certain basics are to be satisfied with respect to the agreement. There ought to be sure offer and acknowledgment in regards to the authoritative subject, there must be sure expectations of the gathering to tie themselves with the legitimate customs. There ought to be sure thought in the authoritative understanding and the gatherings must be capable to make the agreement. On the off chance that these components are secured by the gatherings, there must be an agreement exists in the middle of them. Offer is one of the fundamental rules with respect to the agreement. Offer comprises of specific vows to make a specific showing. At the point when an offer is made, it is assumed that there is assent of the individual who made it[4]. There ought not be any vagueness with respect to the states of the offer. There is a standard with respect to the disavowal of the offer. It tends to be maintained by the offeror whenever until the offer is acknowledged by someone else to whom the offer is made. Offer can likewise be renounced if the legally binding time is lapsed[5]. Offer once in a while mistranslated with the encouragement to treat. Greeting to treat is an enthusiasm with respect to certain thing where the individual creation it has a will to welcome others to make an offer. Commercial, closeout and the delicate are fall in such class. In Patridge v Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421, it was held that the term For Sale isn't an offer, it is only a notice and fall under the measures of greeting to treat. At the point when any gathering shows his enthusiasm with respect to the offer and needed to tie himself is to be called that he has acknowledged the offer[6]. At the point when an offer is acknowledged, there is an understanding occurred. Acknowledgment can be made in composed variant or verbally or by the direct of the individual who acknowledged the equivalent. On the off chance that an offer is acknowledged, the gatherings are gotten lawfully limited by one another. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, it was held by the court that an offer with respect to the smoke ball has been made by the organization and Mrs. Carlill had acknowledged the equivalent. Along these lines, if there is any break made with respect to the offer, Mrs. Carlill has each privilege to guarantee harm from the organization. Another state of the agreement is that there must be sure lawful connection exists between the gatherings. In Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571, it was held by the court that family understanding resembles household understanding and there is no aim of them to be lawfully bound on the gatherings. In this manner, that can't be expressed as agreement. In Wakeling v Ripley [1951] 51 SR NSW 183, it was held that issues with respect to the desire of a property are not kidding in nature and there are potential outcomes to tie the gatherings legitimately. Hence, if there is any understanding with respect to the will is made, that can be considered as an agreement. There are sure conditions, where an offer can be renounced or ended. The basic guideline in regards to the equivalent is that an offer can be settled whenever before the acknowledgment. The offer can be renounced much after a date has been fixed in regards to the offer. In Hyde v Wrench, it was held by the court of Australia that if the individual to whom the offer has been made, rejects the equivalent, the offer will be ended. Thought is additionally assuming a significant job for this situation. On the off chance that there is no notice about the specified cost of the contracting subject in the offer, at that point the offer could be obscure in nature. In the event that the offer gets dubious, it will neglect to meet the measures of agreement and no agreement will exist in the middle of the gatherings. In this manner, there ought to be sure thought referenced in the offer. In the current case, Taylor had made an offer with respect to the sharpening machine. Luke was keen on the said offer. Taylor has fixed a date for reviewing the machine and Luke has chosen to assess the machine on the fixed date[7]. There are sure solid focuses have been called attention to for this situation. The offer made by Taylor, on specific conditions, misjudged with greeting to contract. Be that as it may, certain realities ought to be considered with respect to the equivalent. It is obvious from the case that Taylor has a desire to be lawfully bound with Luke in regards to the sharpening machine. The states of the announcements of Taylor were clear in nature[8]. Subsequently, it tends to be expressed that the announcement made by Taylor is a proposal in nature. There is no express explanation with respect to the issue that Luke has acknowledged the offer, yet there is an arrangement that he was intrigued in regards to the offer. It is to be concluded that whether the intrigu e can be treated as acknowledgment to the offer or not. On the off chance that there is a goal of the gatherings to be tie themselves with specific conditions, it very well may be expressed that the offer hosts been acknowledged by the other get-together. Offer must be conveyed appropriately by the individual who is acknowledged the offer[9]. It has been expressed clear in the issue that Luke has an enthusiasm over the realities expressed by Taylor and he has uncovered his enthusiasm to Taylor. In this way, a goal in regards to the proposal by Luke can be seen. Under the law of acknowledgment, it is expressed that the acknowledgment can be made vocally or by method of direct. For this situation, Taylor had fixed a date for the assessment of the machine and Luke was indicated his enthusiasm with respect to the equivalent and even made strides in regards to the equivalent by designating a specialist to look at the machine. Along these lines, obviously Luke, by lead, acknowledged the offer made by Taylor. Thusly, a legally binding understand ing is made in the middle of them. The offer made by Taylor is being upheld by certain thought with respect to the sharpening machine[10]. It is expressed for the situation that Taylor shows his enthusiasm with respect to the selling of the machine if Luke can pay him $375000 for the machine. In this manner, it very well may be expressed that the offer made by Taylor has met the states of the agreement. It is of no significance whether the cost is proper or not. It is sufficient that specific thought has been made by the offer. In this way, the components of offer, acknowledgment, and thought have been satisfied. Presently it is to be seen whether there is any lawful relationship hosts been made in the middle of the gatherings. According to the guideline expressed in Carlill v Carbon Smoke Ball, it very well may be expressed that when an offer hosts been made by a gathering and the equivalent is acknowledged by other, there is an agreement made in the middle of them and they will be tie legitimately. In the current case likewise, there is an offer is made by Taylor and the equivalent was acknowledged by Luke. Along these lines, from the quintessence of the above named case, it very well may be expressed that agreement hosts been made in the middle of the gatherings and they turned out to be legitimately bound to one another. For this situation, a quandary emerged when Taylor had altered his perspective with respect to the selling of the item to Luke. The arrangements of the end agreement will be applied here. It has been referenced that an offer can be denied regardless of whether a date is fixed over the issue. Be that as it may, the regular standard with respect to the equivalent is that an offer can be ended whenever yet the end ought to be put before the acknowledgment of the offer. For this situation, Taylor had chosen to drop the proposal after the offer was acknowledged by Luke. Consequently, it very well may be expressed that Taylor has no option to disavow the proposal at this specific stage[11]. End: Along these lines, from the previously mentioned realities it tends to be expressed that the measures of the case depends on the agreement law. The arrangements of the agreement is talked about here and it very well may be expressed that the basics of the case is pulling in the standards of the substantial agreement and dependent on the realities expressed in this and standards of the cases set out, the case can be closed with the way that there is an agreement exists in the middle of Taylor and Luke. In this manner, it very well may be expressed that Taylor is tie by law to offer the machine to Luke. Reference: Cartwright, John.Contract law: A prologue to the English law of agreement for the common legal counselor. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Gul, F. An., et al. Components impacting decision of order of studyAccountancy, building, law and medicine.Accounting Finance29.2 (2015): 93-101. Joseph, Pauline, and Pauline Joseph. Australian engine sport aficionados recreation data behaviour.Journal of Documentation72.6 (2016): 1078-1113. Liu, Tingting, Yan Wang, and Suzanne Wilkinson. Distinguishing basic elements influencing the viability and effectiveness of offering forms in PublicPrivate Partnerships (PPPs): A near investigation of Australia and China.International Journal of Project Management34.4 (2016): 701-716. McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: content, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Ndekugri, Issaka, and Michael Rycroft.JCT98 Building Contract: Law and Administration. Routledge, 2014. Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Scott, Geoff, and K. Warren Yates. Utilizing fruitful alumni to improve the nature of undergrad building programmes.European diary of designing education27.4 (2013): 363-378. Takeuchi, Kazuo, and Peer Pfeilmaier. Against burning store fuel advancement for 2009 Toyota Formula One hustling engine.15. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 2015. Watts, Ronald L. Looking at Federal Political Systems.Understanding Federalism and Federation(2015): 11. Wilson, John, and Kieran Pender. Business law: Terminating work: Pornography, approaches, and procedural fairness.Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory242 (2016): 28. Wright, Ted, M. P. Ellinghaus, and D. Kelly. A Draft Australian Law of Contract. (2014).

Essay Topics For Percy Jackson - A Study Guide

Essay Topics For Percy Jackson - A Study GuideIf you have taken a course in college or read an e-book on writing, you may already know the basics of essay topics for Percy Jackson. The good news is that you do not have to be a specialist in any of these subjects to write a well-crafted essay. In fact, most students can write a quality essay on any topic if they use the information and tools provided in the book.After first creating a story for the characters of Peter Pan, Rumpelstiltskin, Hook, and the rest of the good guys, you must decide which character you will focus on. You can pick one that is interesting and intriguing, or one that is relatable to your own life. Many students choose to focus on Peter because he is young, adventurous, and full of life. Other students choose to focus on the heroic Hook, a father figure, or the villainous Rumpelstiltskin, who at least makes sense as a character.AU (American) was also a popular theme, so that is another topic to try to make intere sting for your reader. An AU character would be the role of a government bureaucrat, author, professor, etc. Whatever your chosen topic is, begin by deciding which character you want to cover. If you can't decide, then simply ask yourself 'what are the qualities that make him unique?' Now, create a list of these qualities.Next, put these qualities into a general outline, and make a long list of points, with the overall goal at the top. For example, you might write, 'Peter Pan discovers his destiny and ultimately saves his mother's life, which helps him save his best friend Hook.' When you have your outline in hand, you can now write on the 'lessons' of the two characters.One of the lessons you might want to include in your essay topics for Percy Jackson is that time is a critical factor in determining how characters, or ourselves, move forward in life. The idea behind this lesson is that by beginning at a point in the past and working forward, we can see the future and, more importa ntly, the reason why we did not accomplish our goals. In other words, we are living a story, and, at the end of the story, we know what the consequences were for our actions.Other major themes include friendship, strength, destiny, and the importance of not only meeting challenges, but overcoming them. If you write well about the importance of these topics, you can be confident that your essay will shine with your writing.With just a little bit of study, you can incorporate all of the information from the eBook into a full essay on any of the topics above. Because the eBook was written for the world of Harry Potter, not everyone will understand the details, but most students can use the information and tools provided to create an amazing essay for Percy Jackson.

Analysis Play Called Radiance The Passion Of Marie Curie - 275 Words

Performance Analysis On A Play Called Radiance: The Passion Of Marie Curie (Essay Sample) Content: TitleUniversity AffiliationStudent NameDateThe Passion of Marie Curie is a play written by Alan Alda which is inspired by the life of Marie Curie. As an actor, Marie Curie was intensely passionate about her works of which she could work to meet her goals no matter how easy or difficult situations were. Marie was sound intelligent of her works prove of her winning two Nobel prizes (Paul S., 2012). The writer of the play; Alan Alda was greatly inspired by the Actor to writing the play. From her stunning wits, the Author never lost morale towards completing his script writing about the passion of Marie Curie. He argues that no matter how difficult times got for him, he could reminisce about his past experiences of which he could gain rejuvenation at accomplishing his task.Eight years back the author; Alan Alda almost succumbed to death but the fact that he survived gives him no reason to fear at all. Through his writing period, most of his decisions seem to be referenced from her subject of the play Marie Curie who was extremely passionate about her works. Marie Curie could start any project with great vigor and with great intellect. For Alan Alda, things did not apply the same. In writing of the play, he had to do a lot of studying and research so as he could give it his best (The Stage, 2015).Marie Curie achievements include Nobel prices and the discovery of two chemical elements. Her life circles evolved around people of same passion with hers. This is evident from her relationship with Langevin Paul a renowned Mathematician (The Stage, 2015). The play figures the time in between her rewarded Nobel prizes. A span of four years which had much to encounter involving new scientific findings, romance, and struggles. Her work is characterized by a lot of desire and passion which the author depicts as intellect. Her romantic life as depicted in the play gives scientist a sense of being humans of which the society would refer them to as freaks (Campbel l, 2011).Alan Alda sets characters of similar fields as characters in the play these being scientists and mathematicians. His main aim is to humanize science and give a feel of what great inventors of great times go through their daily lives to make achievements. However, it was not an easy task for Alan similar to Marie Curies case. He faced obstacles of information trying to put down what people would easily connect to. As for Marie Curie, she faced scientific obstacles but that would not kill her determination and strength. She also got difficulties in getting her works credited as a woman (Campbell, 2011). This is evident in the play when other scientists claimed that it was not her individual work presented. As a woman, she also got neglected where she could not join Institute of France due to her gender.Despite the struggles in her work, some of them could turn as strong holds. For instan...

Legal Protection And Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual property is defined in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the creation of the mind. According to WIPO the work does not have to be literary in order to be protected. Names, images, symbols, designs..etc. are all protected. Intellectual property rights are mentioned in article 27 of the universal human rights act that gives the inventors and creators to benefit from their work. Those rights are obtained through registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights. There are several reasons behind offering protection to intellectual property. First, the legal protection encourages inventors towards creating and discovering, and that will lead to further innovation. Economic growth is also considered an incentive†¦show more content†¦TRIPS aims to protect IP in a broader level (globally), support international trade, and pursue public interest. TRIPS deals with different IP rights e.g. patents, copyrights, and trademarks. This paper will discuss all three types of IP. The protection granted for owners of intellectual property rights under TRIPS promotes the business and economic development and that will result in increasing the level of innovation in several countries. Inventors will also be encouraged to contribute to activities involving research and development; knowing that their work is legally protected. Countries impose rights of protection to IP in order to ensure citizens are innovative in their own country. Developed countries offer very high protection of IP rights and because of that, those countries are considered very innovative. Article 8 of the TRIPS agreement states that members may â€Å" adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this agreement.† This provision validates the recognition of problems arising from over-protection of IPRs by TRIPS. It allows members of the agreement to react upon misuse of the IPR by IPR owners, provided that measures taken are complying with the provisions outlined in TRIPS. However, the impact

Whole Foods Market Financial Findings - 3573 Words

| Whole foods Market | Financial Findings | Table of contents: Summary of Operations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3-4 Financial position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4-6 Financial ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6-10 Historical view of the financial performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....11-13 Industry comparison†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14-15 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16-28 (Investopedia) (Investopedia) (Yahoo Finance) II. Summary of Operations ($000) A. Net Sales: SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 | SEP 2011 | 8,031,620 | 9,005,794 | 10,107,787 | B. Gross Margin: SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 | SEP 2011 | 34.30% | 34.83% | 34.99% | C. Operating Margin SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 |†¦show more content†¦Quick Ratio= (Current assets-inventory)/Current liabilities SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 | SEP 2011 | 1.088818521 | 1.120555389 | 1.269495691 | Some companies have difficulty turning their inventory to cash; hence, the quick ratio measures the extent to which a company can meet its short-term liabilities without relying upon the sales of its inventory. B. Leverage Debt to Total Assets Ratio= Total Debt/Total Assets This ratio gives the percentage of total funds that are provided by creditors. A ration under 1 means that the company is relies mostly on financing through equity. A ratio above 1 indicates that the company is financed more by debt. SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 | SEP 2011 | 0.46 | 0.40 | 0.30 | Times Interest Earned Ratio= Earning before interest and tax/Interest Expense The ratio measures the company’s ability to meet its debt obligations. It allows investors to see to what extent company’s earning can decline without the firm being unable to pay its annual interest costs. Nevertheless, a high ratio can indicate that a company has an undesirable lack of debt or it is paying too much debt with earning that could be invested in other projects. SEP 2009 | SEP 2010 | SEP 2011 | 7.81 | 13.46 | 143.12 | C. Profitability Earning Per Share (EPS)= Net Income/ Total Common Stock Outstanding The EPS ratio gives back the portion of company’s profit that is allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. SEP 2009 | SEPShow MoreRelatedWhole Foods Market Finance Analysis Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market Financial Analysis Whole Foods market generated $8.0 billion in sales in fiscal 2009, an increase of 1.0% over the previous years. Yet in fiscal 2009 same-store sales were down 4.3% over the previous years. Operating income for Whole Foods was $284.3 million in fiscal 2009, up to 20.4% over the previous year. This improvement was largely due to stringent cost-containment measures that Whole Foods put into place in the face of the recession economy. The ratio comparison in tableRead MoreSwot Analysis : Whole Foods Market1420 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Analyst, investors, and managers use complied information from several financial statements to compare the relative weaknesses and strengths of organizations. The use of ratios assist in linking the balance sheet, cash flow statement, and income statement to perform quantitative analysis. The ratios used by an organization differ dependent on the type of products or services offered. Choosing the correct ratio is essential in planning because certain ratios will assist in achievingRead MoreWhole Foods Market: Business Overview1347 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market began in 1970 as a local supermarket. Over the past 31 years, Whole Foods Market has grown from a single store in Austin, Texas, to becoming one of the worldwide leaders in providing consumers with natural and organic foods. They have grown to over 300 stores in both North America and the United Kingdom. (Whole Foods Market, Inc., 2011) This report examines the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market h as put into place. Also, it uses past financial data to provideRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Analysis1687 Words   |  7 PagesWhole Foods Market Case Analysis Whole Foods Market has received recognition as recent as January 27th 2011 when CNBC aired Supermarkets Inc: Inside a 500 Billion Money Machine. â€Å"Whole Foods is arguably the most influential, and by some measures, the most successful supermarket chain in the world. The specialty gourmet store has grown into a Fortune-300 company offering specialty foods and locally grown organic produce.1† CNBC goes on to state that even â€Å"Established brands like Safeway, Giant EagleRead More1.The Disruption Of Significant Supplier Relationships1383 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships could negatively affect the business. The company is overly dependent on its supplier (United Natural Foods, Inc.), more than 30% of their total purchases in 2016 are from the same supplier. If the relationship with the supplier become difficult or it is cancelled the company may face serious problems of supplying. 2. A loss in consumer confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products could materially impact the results of the operations. One of the company’s competitive advantageRead MoreWhole Foods Market Is Responsible For Protection Of Human Health And The Environment1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction About Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market is a supermarket chain launched in 1980 and is the first certified organic grocer in the United States. They are a growing chain with 462 locations all around the world as of 2016 with more than 90,000 employees. Whole Foods underpinning culture is to sell the highest quality of organic products to meet the needs of every customers, while supporting their team members value. Introduction to the Topic Whole Foods received a warning letter fromRead MoreC Leveled : Stakeholder Matching Application Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility, or CSR, can be done in a way that benefits both parties. One perspective, stakeholder matching, requires that any specific statement about the relationship between a firm’s social performance toward a stakeholder group be measured by financial or organizational performance that can be directly correlated to that action. Essentially, the approach clarifies that advantageous CSR is not about having corporate employees pick up trash once a year; instead, effective CSR practices benefit bothRead MoreA New Real Estate Investment Trust, By Michael J. De La Merced1558 Words   |  7 PagesDemand with references to expanding to an international market as a way to increase sales in a way other than price change and how this would cause a right shift in the demand curve. â€Å"Sears Weighs a New Unit to Hold Some of Its Real Estate†, by MICHAEL J. DE LA MERCED (New York Times NOVEMBER 7, 2014) Summary In an effort to raise cash to offset a steady stream of losses sears chief executive Edward S Lambert unveiled an unusual financial maneuver that it may employ: selling some of its storesRead MoreBrand Loyalty at Whole Foods Market1186 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Brand Loyalty At Whole Foods Market 1 Brand Loyalty Simplified brand loyalty describes a status in which consumers determine their selves in; out of it they become committed to a brand. Thereby they continue purchasing products or services of a specific brand. At this point consumers rather spent more money on a product of a specific brand than buying from multiple suppliers within the same category. Mainly brand loyalty is a result of consumer’sRead MoreSenator Gilibrand and Her Commission Against the Presence of Antibiotics in Our Food679 Words   |  3 Pagesso many issues continuously being presented in from such a vast array of politicians, public interest groups and the media, it’s understandable how voters can become confused and issues diluted. I have chosen to look at the antibiotic resistance in foods and how my representative’s campaign is influenced based on funds. Kristen Gillibrand is a democratic United States Senator for congressional district NY-14. According to Open Secrets, her campaign received a total of $29,870,664 for the 2009-2014-campaign

Religious Authority And The Protestant Reformation

During the sixteenth century, numerous conditions and beliefs existed that cause the Protestant Reformation. It was a religious, political, cultural and logical disturbance that had made some Europeans split from the Catholic Church. â€Å"In northern and central Europe, reformers [such as John Calvin, Henry VIII and most importantly Martin Luther] challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice.† The tension between the reformers and the church triggered wars, persecutions and the Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation. Augustine had emphasized that the bible is more a fundamental source for religious authority than the Bible is. He also believed that humans could not reach salvation by their own act, but only God could give salvation by his divine grace. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church taught that salvation was achievable through works of righteousness that made God pleased. Mart in Luther, born in the year 1483 in Thuringia (Saxony), which is what is now the country of Germany, began to have doubts about the theological basis for much of the daily practices of the Catholic Church. In other words, he questioned and wondered if the Catholic leaders’ teachings were acceptable to the Catholic religion. He shared his two central beliefs with Augustine, which would later form the basis of Protestantism. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church’s practice of allowing indulgences to offer absolution toShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of the811 Words   |  4 PagesPeople not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seen in the varying art themes of the Reformation. The Re formation rejected the secular spirit that had developed during the Italian Renaissance and replaced it with a more religiously obedient, strictRead MoreChanges Brought on By the Renaissance Period Essay534 Words   |  3 Pageswas a time of religious and social change. It was a time of new art, architecture, and literature through the Renaissance and new discoveries through the scientific revolution. The 16th century also brought about great change in religion through the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation of the 16th century greatly changed individual freedoms, individual liberties, and the influence of religion. The start of the Protestant Reformation came when MartinRead MoreThe Reformation And Its Impact On The Early Modern Period1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe reformation was a drastic event in the early modern period that launched Europe into a massive conflict of widespread violence, through both political and religious factors. The political scene had remained very much the same before the beginning of the reformation in 1517, with many philosophers sharing similar ideas on how to handle the issues of sovereignty and private property. Religion was a long debated factor before the reformation however was brought inadvertently to the forefront ofRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholi c Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreWhat Were The Social Cause Of The Protestant Reformation?1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhat were the social causes of the Protestant Reformation? The bible was being made more accessible than ever. One of the things that led to more people interpreting the bible is that it was translated into everyday language. Another was the fact that the printing press was enabled that allowed multiple copies of the bible to be made. Previous to this, scribes would have to write every bible by hand and this could take years, just for one of them. Another factor was the fact that there was increasedRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and c ultural upheaval that disintegrated Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that differ from Catholic Church and in future triggered wars and fights and persecutions. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, Thomas Muntzer, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s practices, such as â€Å"indulgence† and â€Å"enoughRead MoreProtestantism Essays1131 Words   |  5 PagesProtestantism originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Protestant doctrine, also known in continental European traditions as Evangelical doctrine, is in opposition to that of Roman Catholicism. It typically holds that Scripture (rather than tradition or ecclesiastic interpretation of Scripture)[1] is the source of revealed truth. Meaning and origin of the term The word Protestant is derived from the Latin protestari [2][3] meaning publicly declare which refers to the letter of protestationRead MoreThe Legacy of Edward VI as Explained in Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation923 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Protestant Reformation. London, Penguin Books, 2001. The foundation of this book comes from a series of Birkbeck lectures which the author, Diarmaid MacCulloch, delivered at the University of Cambridge in the Lent term of 1998. MacCulloch’s purpose in writing Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation were to voice his argument that the Edwardian reformation was a critical moment in the progress of the Anglican Church and the establishing of England’s Protestant identityRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On History Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageswives, specifically six, and also his radical reformation of the English Church. King Henry VIII was very concerned with having a male heir to continue the dynasty. For that reason, he annulled his first marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon. This annulment of his first marriage fuelled the creation of the English Church. Although Henry VIII may have acted in pure self-interest, this creation of the English Church would later lead to the Protestant Reformation. Stude nts studying the Tudor Dynasty shouldRead MoreProtestant Reformation And The Reformation1727 Words   |  7 PagesHI 101 Essay 3 Zhenli Xu Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation is admittedly one of the most important schisms in the history of Christianity. It started with Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Catholic Church in Germany in 1517, and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Reformation was a religious movement triggered by the rise of humanism during the Renaissance and the general corruption of the Roman Catholic Church that eventually led to the

Intrinsic Flaws Of Christianity Essay Example For Students

Intrinsic Flaws Of Christianity Essay Christianity is a religion inwhich events are claimed to have occured but which cannever be proved. Those who practice it live by differentmorals than are preached by the most holy texts. It is aninstitution in which the most holy scripture is contradictory,and wherein the supreme being, by the very definition,cannot exist. Christianity is, therefore, a fundamentallyflawed religion. According to the Bible, events haveoccured which are even more miraculous than theresurection of Jesus Christ. Events such as the stopping ofthe sun by Joshua (Joshua 10:12-14), the reversal of thesuns course by Isaiah (Isaiah 38:7-8) , the resurrection ofthe saints, and their subsequent appearance to many(Matthew 27:52-53) were witnessed by thousands ofpeople. The stopping and reversal of the sun would havebeen visible worldwide. The idea that people could havewitnessed these events without having been amazed bythem is, quite simply, ludicrous. Other cultures havingwitnessed this would certainly have off ered their ownexplanations in keeping with their own cultural and religiousbeliefs. Surely a society existing at the time would havedocumented this miraculous event. Yet nowhere have suchworks been found. In the instance of the resurrection of thesaints, Matthew is the only person to mention thisoccurence in the Bible. Surely other first-century Christianswould have used this as further proof of Jesus divinty. Itwould fall to reason that Paul and the gospels would havementioned it. This is not, however, the case. Nowhere elsein the Bible is this mentioned or even hinted at. Theseevents are then, at best, highly unlikely to have occured. The fact that Matthew is alone in writing of the resurrectionof the saints leads us to believe that certain writers of theBible had differing views on christianity. The christian Bibleis highly contradictory, not just to modern day christianbeliefs, but in and of itself. Todays society is of the beliefthat all people are created equal, and Christians submit thattheir god is of the same belief. Modern Christians believethat their god loves everyone, and that they are all equal. However, after Adam and Eve had eaten from the treeforbidden by god, this deity said to Eve I will intensify thepangs of your childbearing; in pain shall you bring forthchildren. Yet your urge shall be for your husband, and heshall be your master. (Genesis 3:16). This tells us that,according to the Christian religion, women shall naturally bedominated by men. This kind of behavior is not conduciveto a being who believes in inherent equality. Women arerepeadtedly treated as objects and told to be submissive inthe Bible. According to the rule observed in all theassemblies of believers, women should keep silent in suchgatherings. Rather, as the law indicates, submissiveness isindicated for them. If they want to learn anything, theyshould ask their husbands at home. It is a disgrace when awoman speaks in the assembly. (1 Corinthians 14:34-35). Man was not made from woman but woman from man. Neither was man created for woman but woman for man. For this reason, a woman ought to have a sign ofsubmission on her head. (1 Corinthians 11:8-10). TheBible also permits bondage. Slaves, male and female, youmay indeed possess, provided you buy them from amongneighboring the nations. You may also buy them fromamong the aliens who reside with you and from theirchildren who are born and raised in their land. Such slavesyou may own as chattels, and leave to your sons as theirhereditary property, making them perpetual slaves.(Leviticus 25:44-46). This same Bible gives laws on thepunishment of slaves. When a man strikes his slave with arod so hard that the slave dies under his hand, he shall bepunished. If, however, the slave survives for a day or two,he is not to be punished, since the slave is his ownproperty. (Exodus 21:20-21) We find further examples ofprejudice in Deuteronomy. In the Bible, it is stated that Noone whose testicles have been crushed or whose penis hasbeen cut off may be admitted into the community of theLord. No child o f an incestuous or adulterous union may beadmitted into the community of the Lord, nor anydescendant of his even to the tenth generation.(Deuteronomy 23:2-3). Consider the first statement. If afaithful Christian were to get in an automobile accident witha resulting injury to his genitals, he would not be admittedinto Heaven. The second statement is even more ridiculousthan the first. An innocent child, through no fault of its own,is born a bastard. He may not be admitted into heaven. Butmore than that, none of his descendants may ever beadmitted. These are not characteristics which are normallyassociated with justice and goodness. These are petty,cruel actions. This is not the only discrepancy in thechristian Bible. Judahs daughter-in-law, Tamar, is said tohave been a harlot (Genesis 38:24). Because of herharlotry, she became pregnant (Genesis 38:25). She hadtwins and named them Perez and Zerah. These are thedescendants of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron,Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father ofAmminibad, Amminibad was the father of Nahshon,Nahshon was the father of Salmon, Salmon was the fatherof Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed, Obed was thefather of Jesse, and Jesse became the father of David.(Ruth 4:18-22). Therefore David, King of Israel, was adescendant of a bastard and subsequently should not havebeen allowed into the community the Lord. This is a hugecontradiction, as David is such an important figure in thebible. The contradiction involving David pales incomparison, however, to the one of the very definition of asupreme being. In Christianity, Christ is central in atoningfor the sins of mankind. Had there been no sins of mankind,there would be no story of Christ. The nature of sin mustthen therefore be analysed. It is accepted by Christians thatgod created everything. If this is true, then this same godcreated evil. It is written in the Bible that god is all-knowing(1 John 3:20). God is, in effect, omniscient. If god isomniscient and creates, he then knows all possibleoutcomes of all possible creations of all possible universes. .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .postImageUrl , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:hover , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:visited , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:active { border:0!important; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:active , .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880 .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff533a7b03ccc13b7c4a6f8102c4e880:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Weapons: Other Options EssayIf he created our universe, he chose what its destiny wouldbe. In doing so, he chose the paths of our lives. Thus, wecan conclude that the universe is completely deterministic togod and, by being a creator, he cannot allow freewill toexist unless the universe is no longer predetermined to him. If this is true, then humanity is merely a collection ofautomotons. If this is not not true, then god cannot beomniscient. If the Christian god were omniscient, then hecould foresee his own future. If this being knows its ownfuture, he does not have the power to change it. Considering, however, that god is omnipotent, there is amajor conflict with his omniscient nature. If god were ableto change his future, that would mean that god would notbe able to foresee when he would make sudden changes inhis future and what changes would result, eliminating thepossibility of his being omniscient. Therefore, these qualitiescannot be held simultaneously by one being. It is importantnow to look at the possibility of omnipotence. TheChristian god is perfectly good and omnipotent. Yet evilexists. If god is omnipotent and perfectly good, he couldand would dispell evil. Three possible conclusions arisefrom these statements. God is perfectly good but evil exists,so he is not able to dispell evil and thus is not omnipotent. The second possible conclusion is this: that god isomnipotent but evil exists, and god is therefore notperfectly good. The last possible, and most feasible,conclusion is that god does not exist. It can easily be seenthat Christianity is a religion based on falsehoods and hasmany intrinsic flaws. They are seen by the fact that thefollowers of this religion do not conduct themselves in themanner proscribed by their most holy texts. These errorsreside in the facts that these same texts are contradictory,and that their very god cannot possibly exist. These errorsand omissions are then covered by a vague concept.

How music changed me. free essay sample

One question that has jarred my mind for years is the first thing almost every adult told me when they first found out I was moving to China, â€Å"Wow! Colleges will love you because of that, you can just write all about your experiences in China.† I hated that, I don’t think of my life as growing up in Ohio, Belgium, Illinois and China. I look at the progression of my life through music and how it has influenced me as a person, ultimately to discover that there is no such thing as strangers when you have the same taste in music. Music has always been apart of my life; it has become a medium of experiencing my own thoughts and a reflection of my identity. The development in exploring and experiencing music is what transitioned me from a kid conforming to the typical preppy suburban lifestyle, to an individualistic adult with a voice. We will write a custom essay sample on How music changed me. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I began to connect the emotions and experiences I’ve had in life with the music I was listening to. The song Ocean Man conjures the image of when my friends and I would skateboard all day, from our houses to the heart of Shanghai. We would be dipping and ducking amongst the masses as we rolled through our smoggy reality. The song â€Å"Messes of Men† reminds me of the sorrow in my step as I boarded a plane leaving China. After struggling to fit in at Shanghai American School for over a year, it appeared that my venture into the subculture of skateboarding allowed me to connect with people. Although, it had nothing to do with skateboarding, that was merely the strengthening factor to my friendship with some guys. In actuality, music was the communal factor that brought us together. Certain songs started to become an identity for our group, songs we all enjoyed. Even in the blazing heat of the summer, we could be sitting on our self-claimed bench and sing those songs as we strutted our stuff on our skateboards. Music is what drove bonds in a rather diverse group of guys. It taught me that, there is no such thing as strangers when you have the same taste in music. This bond through music became most apparent in my relationship with Harri, a skinny Scottish boy with ghostly white skin and curly hair. Harri and I developed similar styles of music. We both enjoyed some of the weirdest stuff compared to relevant pop culture. Whether it was jazz, soul, gypsy, classical, drone, lo-fi, cabaret, psychedelic, folk, punk, post-hardcore or spoken word. We met and connected through our interest in Modest Mouse. Harri and I could talk about the music as freely as we wanted, recognizing the clever riffs or the diverse range of instruments. He then moved to Abu Dhabi and I moved to Illinois, yet we still share music and write for a music blog. There is no one piece that has influenced me as a person; music is too emotional, and too specific to define one piece as an influential factor. Im always connected, influenced, and inspired by music as a whole. Its frustrating to not be able to connect to everyone when it comes to music, but I recognize that music is one of the most opinionated subjects. This absence of connection is what has driven my exploration in music and what has developed my own personal views. The power of music is as large as one individual makes it to be, it can be a seemingly endless void of influence and understanding or as insignificant as the dust in your attic.

Public Speaking free essay sample

First of all, I would said Alhamdullilah all the thanks to Allah S. W. T, which is from His willingness that give me the strength and health to do my Individual assignment: Next I would like to express my thankful feeling to our lecture for the course , which helps in giving valuable and reliable advice and play roles as communication and information consultant about this assignment as much as she could until we understand about the assignment which is the main reason where this assignment can be more informative and more structural. All the basic to deepest knowledge of the existence of Effective Speaking that been teach by her, make life more easier to me and my friend. Then I would like to thanks to my beloved parents which provide all the physical things that may lead to a difficulties and barriers for me if is it not been provided such as money to buy anything that are related to this assignment work and their lovely and motivation advise, which lead for me to have the best spirit and ways to complete this assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Last but not least, my friends who help me a lot giving their honourable opinion which helps me to identify my mistake that lead me to construct it more better in many ways. They had been a good help that makes my work become easier. Thanks a lot, it is so meaningful. TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENT Page 2 INTRODUCTION Page 3 MY VIEW AND SUMMARY Persuasion (Based on book â€Å"Speaking With A Purpose† By Arthur Koch) *Book/ Article 1 The Speech to Persuade (Based on the book â€Å"Basic Public Speaking† By Patricia Bradley Andrews) *Book/ Article 2 Persuasive Purposes (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: Principle into Practice† by James R. Andrews) * Book/ Article 3 -Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking† by George Rodman * Book/ Article 4 Principles of Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach† By Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe) * Book/ Article 5 Persuasive Speaking: Types and Design (Based on the book â€Å"Confident Public Speaking† By Deanna D. Sellnow) * Book/ Article 6 Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: The Evolving Art† By Stephanie J Coopman) * Book/ Article 7 Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: Concept And Skills For A Diverse Society† By Clella Jaffe)’ * Book/ Article 8 Principles of Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: An Audience-Centred Approach† By Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe) *Book/ Article 9 -Article: I speak because There’s a need by Frances James (On the book â€Å"The Challenge of Effective Speaking†) * Book/ Article 10 Page 4-5 Page 6-7 Page 8-9 Page 10-11 Page 12-14 Page 15-17 Page 18-19 Page 20-22 Page 23-24 Page 25-26 CONCLUSION Page 27 REFERENCES Page 28 INTRODUCTION In this modernity era, communication involvement has been one of the important part of human life’s today, it is been the device for us as a human to interact between one another from all type of community starting from family, friends and etc which lead us to understand each other more better. According to John Dolman (1992) stated that communication can be defined as â€Å"means the act of sharing something with others† which come from the Latin word â€Å"con† (with) and â€Å"munus† (a business), through â€Å"communis† (common) and â€Å"communico† (to confer or consult with one another). This explains that communication in our life is the main ingredient to send important message which benefits both sender and receiver example like sharing the news of the world with your friends about the current issues that is happening is a definite of communication conversation. In order a person to communicate well with others human being, ones need to have all kind of communication skills and ways to deliver it in order to ensure the receiver understand, connected and educated about the information that been send to them. The process of communication will run smoothly with the sender of the information which is the speaker know how to apply effective speaking in their communication. Effective speaking consists of informative speech which is a speech that been delivered to educate and inform the audience about their topic whereas persuasive speech is a speech deliver by the speaker to the audience to attract, persuade, convince them with certain topics and issues that can be serious or marketable things. So what is Persuasive Speaking? In this portfolio assignment, 10 book that have related chapter will be explain and summarize to suitable conclusion. MY VIEW AND SUMMARY My view: Persuasion (Based on book â€Å"Speaking With A Purpose† By Arthur Koch) Persuasion is one of the way of life which play the main roles in life of both speaker and audience example importance of politician persuasion towards the audience for their both beneficial. Persuasion have been defined as attempt to influence by always be conscious with ensuring the speaker knows what he or she trying to persuade in order to unsure the attempt is worth it by manage to attract the audience attention in all way. One of the way persuader uses to persuade effectively is by a speaker itself have the competence to win to audience heart with great and good will attitude which is the personal proof. Secondly, Psychological proof that appeals according to attitudes from our experience such as the experience ones gained from religious practice has been use to explained it in a speech and appeals according to motives that encourage a person to stimulates behaviour such as being positive, motivated which lead to ones developing their creativity which leads to a good persuasive speech success. Lastly the appeal of logical proof where the speaker need to have an evidence in order to convince the audience with proper and reliable reasoning such as statistics, laws, rules and regulation and etc. In persuasive speaking there are three type of speech which is speech to convince is a speech to attract the audience to accept and agree with the speaker statement, in other hand is the speeches to reinforce is to remind the audience about important things example by giving a speech about history of a country during their independence day and speeches to actuate usually use by professional speaker that use persuasion for business purpose to fulfil their individual purposes such as salesman persuade their customer to buy their product to ensure that he or she reach the target sale that they want. Summary Persuasion speech is a way to influence with effective technique of personal proof, psychological proof and logical proof using three type of speech which is speech to convince, speech to attract and speeches to reinforce that will organize the persuasive speaking speech to have â€Å"Speaking with a purpose† excellent values. My View: The Speech to Persuade (Based on the book â€Å"Basic Public Speaking† By Patricia Bradley Andrews) All speeches have its persuasive element in their speeches, example you might give speech in giving tips on how to study smart but it also shows the action from the speaker to encourage the students to study. Speaker need to know how to make the audience to accept and agree with his or her point view by knowing what is the speech intended for such as speech to stimulate individual listener such as persuading the listener by informing the importance of doing charity even the speech has been presented in front of group but the information send directly to each individual who is listening to the speech, speech to convince is by persuading a new group of people and which is the audience by delivering speech to gained the audience trust first that will help the speaker to convince them. . In addition persuasive speech that uses action which is speech to incite action to gain the support of the audience example ask the help of the audience to donate their blood which the speaker needs to ensure their speech have the positive element. Persuasive speeches have the intention to make the audience to act positively after hearing one speech. Summary Speeches is a persuasive tools but it depends on how the speaker present uses the basic public speaking three type of persuasive speeches such as speech to stimulate, speech to convince and speech to incite action where it will leave a positive impact to the audience that will change the surrounding. My View: Persuasive Purposes (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: Principle into Practice† by James R. Andrews) Persuasive speaking is by getting the connection with the audience involving feelings, behaviour and action. Persuasive purposes can be speech that designed to stimulate which is to give speech to the audience who already have an agreement with the speaker speech by reinforces their faith and belief, speech designed to convince which is a speech to attract with the audience in order to get them agree with the speech such as convincing the audience to always support the government action because it will lead to lots of advantages to them and speeches designed to actuate with the speaker having the objectives â€Å" I want my audience to feel what I’m saying and react to it † in order the speaker can secure the agreement of his or her listeners. Summary Persuasive speaking have its persuasive purposes categories that has it principle to practice with speech to stimulate that reinforce faith and belief, speech to convince is to attract and speech to actuate that sets objectivity which to ensure the speaker and his or her listener to reach an agreements. My view: Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking† by George Rodman Persuasion is an act of motivating someone through communication process which involves us to take a side and defend it. Persuasion can be worthwhile because it convince people on something example if a person persuade his parents to stop argue and they listen to it, it will be a worthwhile effort for the family institution. It also can be ethical, not every persuasive attempt related with lies because as a speaker we must always be honest if we construct a speech that lies to the audience sooner or later they will find it, and then it will lead to bad impression towards the speaker this show good ethics are needed in one speech. Types of persuasion based on its approach it can be direct which speech that inform straight to the point without having any filter such as doing a speech about â€Å"You Smoke, You Die if to be compared with indirect persuasion â€Å"Is smoking bad? † but still the message is proved to it is bad which both of this approach need to be inserted with element of convincing by changing the way they think and actuating to get their immediate intention and action which is the main strategy of persuasive speaking. In order put persuasive strategy into an effect it needs credibility based appeals which the characteristic of the speaker play the main role in delivery the speech of authoritativeness and trustworthiness which mean all the information given are an honest information. Furthermore are the logical appeals that have good reasoning and emotional appeals by have the feeling of believe to the information given. Lastly is about the techniques use for effective persuasive speaking such as knowing your audience by analyze and adapt to it, have a clear speech that is understandable, establish common ground by presenting the new update issues, organize it accordingly in ensuring the speech done smoothly and use variety of tools involving technology and creativity. Summary Persuasive speaking is a motivation element that been applied with good ethics using direct or indirect persuasion on approaches and outcomes on in convincing and actuating by the speaker using all the credibility, logical and emotional appeals as strategy to an excellent speech with effective speaking technique that uses creativity My View: Principles of Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach† By Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe) Persuasion is defined based on process of changing that involves reinforcing attitudes by the speaker to know the attitude of the audience before giving speech in order to know what they dislike and likes such as the audience dislikes topic about sports but likes about cooking. Next process is reinforcing beliefs by knowing the audience beliefs example if the audience are religiously educated, speaker need to insert some of the religious element on their speech to get the acceptance from the audience and last process is reinforcing value by the speaker have the good attitude when they deliver their speech. In order the speaker need to reinforce the entire importance element above they need to be consistent of their speech according to dissonance theory so cognitive dissonance will not occur in your speech that will to discomfort both to the audience and speaker that can block all the good values on ones speech. When it comes to persuading our audience speaker also need to understand the audience needs by using Abraham Maslow theory to understand their needs such as know their physiological needs like politician provide food and drinks to the audience before and after the speech to ensure that the audience will not distract their speech because they are hungry and thirsty, next is safety needs example politician provide security service with all the police securing the occasion place to be safe, social needs to make the audience feel the sense of belonging of the speaker example politician stated the importance of people is their responsibility, self-esteem needs can be explained as the cliche’s action can be explained by the politician telling the audience they are an important asset of the nation and self actualization needs which the speaker persuade the audience to realising their full potential. Persuasive speaking can be informed my inserted the fear appeal to a speaker speech is by threaten or frightened the audience up such as â€Å"If you don’t stop smoking, you going to die horrifically†. When it comes to choose your topics for your speech a speaker need to choose topics the speaker and the audience comfortable to it which mean is a current issues or related issues to the audience which will develop your persuasive speech purpose. Summary Persuasive speaking is a process of reinforcing of attitudes, beliefs and values that will lead to a consistent speech under the dissonance theory to avoid cognitive dissonance by understanding the Abraham Maslow theory in order to understand the audience needs so the speaker can choose appropriate topics for their persuasive speech. My View: Persuasive Speaking: Types and Design (Based on the book â€Å"Confident Public Speaking† By Deanna D. Sellnow) Persuasive speakers develop an argument in support if a position on a topic. Both informative and persuasive speaker seeks to create mutual understanding about a topic but persuasive speaker influence the audience instead of the informative speaker who just only inform the audience but the importance part is that can the speaker leave a good impact to the audience. In order for a speaker to avoid from public speaking anxiety, the speaker needs to make sure he is fully prepared mentally and physically and the most important part is to understand the speech he or she want to talk about. To shape your speech, speaker needs to know about the audience analysis such as when the audience agrees with you the speaker need to seek action such as the audience know that smoking is bad but the speaker explained it more deeply why is it bad, when your audience looks undecided speaker need to seek agreement such as when the audience do not agree smoking is bad but the speaker try as he or she can to convince the audience and when your audience opposes your position speaker need to seek incremental change by requiring their feedback with provide answer and question section, ask their opinion during a speech asking them yes or no. Dispositional persuasive speeches is to influence the audience by concentrating belief which is acceptance of true or false, attitude respond to favourably or unfavourably to something and value all the positive element been inserted in a speaker speech. Actuation persuasive speeches are designed to influence behaviour, this can be done by the speaker ex plain the nature of the topics and seek for their agreement such as explaining about demonstration then focus on the effects. In effective speaking there are three type of claim that can be use in your thesis statement such as claim of fact by stating factual information example explaining history of a country, claim of value by judges a concept or action is it bad or good example Smoking is bad or Natural beauty is better than Fixing beauty and claim of policy which is by telling or asking the audience of the action that need to be taken such as â€Å"What should be done to have a free smoking environment in Malaysia†. Things that one speaker need to know when organizing your main points which is for Dispositional Persuasive speeches are topical, causal, narrative, refutative , comparative advantages, invitational problem and for Actuation speeches problem, solution, modified comparative advantages and Monroe’s motivated sequence. Summary Persuasive speaking needs to influence audience, where speaker need to analyze the audience before choosing the speech topic to avoid from public speaking anxiety by using dispositional and actuation persuasive speech with the support of three kinds of claim fact, value and policy that lead to good main point arrangement based on Monroe’s motivated sequence. My View: Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: The Evolving Art† By Stephanie J Coopman) Persuasion relies on language in term official language use, images in term position or level, and others means of communication to influence people’s attitudes, beliefs, values, or actions. There three type of question when it comes to address ones persuasive speech. Firstly are speeches on question fact in asking either is wrong or right and facts and inferences example when defendant did commit a murder, while the defence argues the defendant did not, second are the speeches on questions of value where shows the quality of a speech and lastly is speeches on questions of policy by asking what course of action should be taken or how a problem should be solved and all of this question have their organizational patterns for speeches by the standard knowing the topic, general purposes, specific purposes, thesis and main points which the speaker need to identified before delivering their speech and they need to use Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to focus on audience outcome when organizing ideas by following it step by step starting from attention, need, satisfaction, visualization and action in order to know the speakers action and audience response. There is five type of audience in public speaking, first is the negative audience which disagree on your topics and here where the speaker responsible in changing their perspective, secondly is the positive audience which an open audience that eager in accepting and know new thing, thirdly is the divided audience which half will favour your speech and the other half not because of their different perspectives, furthermore is the uninformed audience are unfamiliar with your topic and have no opinion about such as explaining religious information to a non religious believer group and lastly the apathetic audience which they know about the topic but doesn’t want it to be applied to them example they know smoking is bad but they want to know what it can cause a person who smoke. As a speaker you must have good ethics when delivering your public speaking such as honesty, trustworthy ethics. Summary Persuasive speech use to influence people’s attitudes, beliefs, values, or ac tions with question of facts, values and policies using the Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to focus on audience outcome to faces the five type of audiences that is negative, positive, divided, uniformed and apathetic which help the speaker to develop their persuasive strategies. My View: Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: Concept And Skills For A Diverse Society† By Clella Jaffe) Persuasion is consider a democracy act where is have been defined as the freedom of speech. When it comes to deliver your persuasive speech, a speaker need find their subject which selecting a topic that you assume that you know more better than anyone with categorizing it to the speaker strong beliefs example you beliefs that homosexuality community is not a good culture and it should be illegal, next speaker strong feelings such as what did the topic make you feel example mad, speaker social ideas such as what you want to change example by having only human nature relationship not homosexuality and speaker personal ideas such as way to handle a situation example by educating and provide religion classes for them to change. Then a speaker can make a persuasive claims also known as a challenge with four types of claims, firstly are factual claims the claims to know either is it true or false which involve debatable points example question the existence of aliens, causal relationship evidence that a particular phenomenon that leads to it example from the father smoking and pass through it to his son or daughter and predictions either things going to happened or not example speaker persuade to prepare of the world end, secondly are value claims which is arguments about right or wrong, moral or immoral example is it good eating vegetables, and lastly policy claims is an argument about the need or the plan for taking action. Speaker also need to focus on beliefs and action when it comes to deliver their speech to the audience, this can be show when what we believe to be true affects how we act, if we look unconvinced and unfocused when we delivering a speech it shows that we know nothing or do not stand for the speech that we speak, as speaker we also need to ensure the element of consistency are in our speech so it will keep the audience and speaker to get going but if inconsistency happened the level of beliefs of the audience will slowly decrease by time to time. The use of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is to focus on audience outcome when organizing ideas by following it step by step starting from attention, need by gaining audience attention from the starting of the speech till the end of it, then the need step by inserted element of statement, illustration, ramifications and testimony, also satisfaction, visualization step and action in order to know the speakers action and audience response. There are four type of pattern first is direct method pattern where you make a claim, then directly state your reason to support it, secondly is comparative advantages pattern is a pattern use to compare its advantages to those of the competition, furthermore criteria satisfaction which is form a basis for judgements and lastly negative method pattern use to shows other proposal is wrong and you’re is right. Summary Persuasive speech topics selection needs to have a subject that the speaker well known to ensure it have the claim of fact, value, definition or policy to use as a shield to argue with beliefs, actions, values and attitudes in understanding types of audiences using the appropriate pattern with the Monroe’s motivated sequence as a solution. My View: Principles of Persuasive Speaking (Based on the book â€Å"Public Speaking: An Audience-Centred Approach† By Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe) Persuasion is the process involves attitude, beliefs and value. As a speaker must always motivate their listener by using dissonance the consistent way of speaking rather the discomfort way of cognitive dissonance which an inconsistent speech. Furthermore speaker need to fulfil the needs of its audience based on physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self esteem needs and self actualization needs based on the Abraham Maslow theory. There is a way speaker can motivate the audience by using positive motivation appeal such as a politician promise if he won the election he will granted all the people with money or by using negative motivation appeal which is by politician telling the audience if they don’t vote for him you will see the last of him in protecting his country. When developing your speech a speaker needs to choose a topic that he believes he can carry it and know the purpose by developing it then the speaker can put the persuasive principles into practice. Summary Persuasive speech use to involve identify people’s attitudes, beliefs, values, or actions with speaker dissonance not cognitive dissonance by understanding needs based on The Abraham Maslow theory using positive and negative motivation appeals to attract audience and it will help the speaker to choose the topic that will present in their speech. My View: Article: I speak because There’s a need by Frances James (On the book â€Å"The Challenge of Effective Speaking†) People when the time comes, that need us to do something, we will stand by it and let people hear our voices out loud where Frances James find herself in the situation where she need to speak the truth to the public in order to save her community that involving lots of moral issues problem such as gang bangers and drugs, high murdered activities and many more brutalize activities. From her public speaking experience that she gained in her school have help her a lot in making the speech she talk as a successful event where she nailed it by answering all the press question and counter them with question such as lack of security level in her community where she throw a statement where she said police are busy out looking for stolen Mercedes but our kids been shot were never a serious issue to be concern. Because of her amazing speech people gathered with her with the number of 200 people when to the police department and handed the report to them. From here we can see that public speaking is important and persuasive speaking that she use have win her lots of audience and convince the community to open their eyes. Summary Persuasive speaking is a medium of your voices and opinions to wins any type of audience hear which you stand for to save and protect them in order it can be heard hope that action will be taken to open their eyes and improve one’s life to become better. CONCLUSION Persuasive speaking talks a lot of the speaker trying to attract, convince and persuade the audience to agree with his or her word for their importance but what persuasive speaking contribute to the community have much more impact to this world without one realizing that it helps to develop the speaker in term of speaking which leads to creation and development of new ability, attribute and speciality, whereas for the speaker it will help them to retrieve new things and to be repeatable inform about things that they know which can help them to develop them become a well educated person. Public Speaking free essay sample Nervousness about public speaking is normal and widespread. A. Many celebrities and public figures admit to a fear of public speaking. B. Many ordinary citizens place public speaking at or near the top of their lists of fears. C. A clear majority of college students list fear of public speaking as their chief communication weakness. 1. James McCroskey’s Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety shows that nearly three-fourths of college students admit to high or moderately high anxiety about speaking in public. McCroskey concludes that a fairly high degree of anxiety about public speaking is normal. D. People experience and exhibit a range of internal and external responses to the stress of public speaking. 1. Chemically and physiologically, we experience stage fright in the same way. a. Adrenaline is released into the bloodstream. b. Respiration increases. c. Heart rate increases. d. Galvanic skin response increases. 2. Symptoms of stage fright can vary from person to person. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page a. Some people experience blushing, excessive perspiration shortness of breath, forgetfulness, or other symptoms. b. As uncomfortable as they can make you, these responses are normal and natural signs that your body is responding to the pressure of performing well. II. Your objective should be control nervousness about speaking, not eliminate it. A. Attempts to eliminate nervousness about public speaking are self-defeating for two reasons. 1. Some degree of nervousness is natural. a. Even very experienced speakers retain some degrees of nervousness. b. Dwelling on your nervousness can make you even more nervous. 2. Some degree of nervousness can actually benefit a speaker. a. Nervousness is energy. Energy enlivens your delivery and gives your speech impact. B. With effort, you can channel your nervous energy and make it work to your advantage. IV. You can build speaker confidence by using some or all of the coping strategies below. A. Know how you react to stress. 1. This knowledge lets you anticipate and deal with the physical signs of stress as you deliver your speech. 2. This knowledge also helps you mask signs of nervousness from your audience. B. Know your strengths and weaknesses. 1. You must honestly evaluate your strengths and weaknesses. 2. Utilize your strengths and mask your weaknesses. . Beware of exaggerating your weaknesses and constructing only â€Å"safe† speeches. C. Know speech principles. 1. These principles, communicated by your textbook and instructor, concern the content, organization, and delivery of a speech. 2. Feeling secure about your content, organization and delivery should make you feel more confident. D. Know that it always looks worse from the inside. 1. Remember that your audience cannot read your mind to detect your nervousness. 2. Untrained audiences are not good at detecting the self-perceived nervousness of a public speaker. E. Know your speech. 1. Knowing your speech does not require you to memorize it. 2. If you have practiced adequately, you should have memorized your major points and their order in the speech. F. Believe in your topic. 1. When delivering an informative speech, you must believe that your topic will be useful or interesting to the audience. 2. When delivering a persuasive speech, you must be committed to the beliefs or actions you are urging. G. View speechmaking positively. 1. Our attitudes help determine our behaviors. a. Speakers who visualize themselves giving effective presentations lower their speech anxiety. b. Speakers who view public speaking as a tedious chore usually communicate that attitude through their speech delivery. 2. To change your attitudes, replace negative thoughts with positive ones. 3. To reinforce positive attitudes about public speaking, seek out opportunities to speak in public. H. Visualize success. 1. Like athletes, public speakers have also used visualization to reduce their nervousness and improve their performance. 2. A study of 430 college speech students revealed lowered speech anxiety among those who visualized themselves delivering an effective presentation. I. Project confidence. . Our behavior helps determine our attitudes. a. Daryl Bem’s theory of self-perception says that if you perceive yourself acting one way, you will assume that you feel that way. b. In order to feel confident, act confidently. 2. Behavior that is free of nervous distractions will make you feel more confident. J. Test your message. 1. Your test audience can tell you whether they understand all the parts of your speech. 2. Your test audience can tell you whether they remember your main ideas. 3. Your test audience can tell you how your vocal and physical delivery help or hinder your speech. You should practice the speech not only in sections but also from beginning to end without stopping. a. You will not have an opportunity to start over while delivering the speech in class. b. Knowing that you can recover from blunders will give you greater confidence. 2. You should practice not only in quiet environments, but also in those laden with distractions. V. Success in your first speech is more likely if you keep in mind two principles of public speaking. A. The more effectively you prepare, the better the speech you will deliver. Every public speech is a blend of content, organization, and delivery. VI. Delivering an effective first speech is easier if you understand seven general steps of speech preparation. A. First, you must understand the speech assignment. 1. Is your purpose to inform, to persuade, or to entertain? 2. What are your minimum and maximum time limits? 3. Are there special requirements for the way you are to deliver the speech? B. Second, you must develop your speech content. 1. If your topic is not assigned, you must select one with your listeners in mind. a. What is your topic, and why have you chosen it? . Who are your listeners? c. What do you want your listeners to know or remember when you finish speaking? 2. You must focus your topic. a. Have you selected a few key points that you can cover in the time allowed? b. Is everything that you say relevant to your topic? 3. You must support your topic. a. Do you use a variety of supporting materials to develop your key points? b. Will your su pporting materials be clear and interesting to your listeners? c. Do you acknowledge sources for anything that you quote or paraphrase from other speakers or writers? Public Speaking free essay sample The image alone sometimes create an enormous effect on most people, causing nervousness, and maybe even fear. Before we jump to that, let’s look at the definition of the word itself. According to Merriam Webster online dictionary, the words Public Speaking has a meaning of â€Å"the act or process of making speeches in public,† or â€Å"the art of effective oral communication with an audience. † Next, what is an audience? An audience is defined as â€Å"a group of listeners or spectators. † From the definitions, we can draw a conclusion that in public speaking, there is an act of both speaking and listening. So what differentiates public speaking from a conversation? While both public speaking and conversation involves a direct and face-to-face encounter, usually public speaking is more of a ‘one-way’ talking. Although nowadays most speakers claim that they want an interactive session, but usually the audience is given a specific time to do so. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Next, in terms of language, public speaking uses a formal language. Because they are speaking in front of a group of people, speakers need to adress their audience in a more formal way. Third, and most importantly, public speaking needs to be structured. They need to have a tight grasp on their topic and do their research thoroughly. The reason the topic ‘Public Speaking’ is chosen is because it is something that everyone needs to do at some point of their lives. It is also based on the In conclusion, public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners, and is different from conversation in terms of approach, language, and structure. TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING Naomi Rockler-Gladen, a former professor at Colorado State University, wrote on the website suite101 that there are three types of public speaking; informative, persuasive, and ceremonial. These types also defines the purposes, or the reasons the speech is made. More details on the three types of public speaking will be explained below. The first type, informative. Informative has the meaning of giving information, to inform. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowlegde to its audience about omething that they probably did not know of before. The end goal of an informative speech would be to equip the audience with a brand new knowledge that they can apply to a particular aspect of their lives. The important thing to watch about giving an informative speech is to not put in too much information. Imagine an empty bucket being filled with water. If being filled with too much water then the water will leak out for sure. The same thing applies to the audience. The ‘leaking’ must be avoided at all costs, so the information has to be kept simple, yet useful. The second type is persuasive speech. A speaker giving a persuasive speech needs to be able to persuade the audience to do, or believe in something. Usually, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. Giving an informative speech is not an easy thing to do. The speaker needs to be really passionate about the cause they’re giving, in order to convince and persuade the audience to follow suit. The second thing that can be done is to look for common ground with the audience, try to relate to what they might agree on. Third, try to aim for a smaller scope of issue for a start. As mentioned before, a speaker is given a time limit to deliver his or her speech, and it will not be easy to change one’s mind in such a short time. Third, and last type is a ceremonial speech. There are so many ceremonies in our lives, starting from graduation, engagement, wedding, to funeral. Usually this kind of speech is given to congratulate, or in the case of a funeral, remembering the dearly departed. Thus, the given speech tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. The important thing to watch about giving a ceremonial speech is to be appropriate. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try to not say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke. The point here is to make them feel special, not to bring them down, especially in front of a large group of people. From the three types of speeches mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that all kinds of speeches will have have to cause some kind of an effect for the audience. Informative speech needs to result in the audience understanding or knowing something they did not know before. Persuasive speech is aimed to change someone’s perspective about something or to ask them to do something, and ceremonial speech should be more personal, and make someone feel special and included in a certain ceremony. PREPARING The key of perfecting anything is through practice, and public speaking is no exception. However, merely practicing will not be sufficient to have a successful public speaking. Aside from practicing, there are also several things that can be done to prepare oneself for the often-dreaded experience. The first thing is to know who the audience will be. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area. Age, gender, cultural brackground, sexual orientation, and religious views are among the most crucial things that a speaker needs to know. These informations will be very helpful to the speakers to determine their style of speaking, the approach that they are going to use, and to avoid offending a particular group. There are three questions that needs to be kept in mind when working on the speech: To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? What is the most effective way to composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim? (Lucas, 2004). The next thing that can be identified is the venue. Knowing the ‘battlefield’ in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage. They would be able to plan beforehand, for example, where they want to stand, and if they wish to walk around, what pattern would be best so the audience will not get too distracted, and how they are going to face the audience. Every speakers need to have a tight grasp on their topics. Therefore, they need to do a thorough research before they present their topic to their audience, especially if they are giving an informative speech. Speakers can acquire their materials from many different resources, whether it be the books from the library, the internet, or even their own knowledge and experiences. At the end of every session, usually the audience are given the time to ask questions regarding the topic, and the speaker needs to be able to answer them. There are two words that most speakers always have with them during their seminar or presentation; visual aids. They are usually in the form of a Power Point presentation, which can include texts, audios, and videos. The essence of having a visual aid, aside from making the presentation more interesing, is so that the audience can have a better understanding of the topic. Speakers can include the main points of each of their ideas instead of the whole sentence in their slides, to keep the audience from getting bored. Last, as mentioned above, practice is necessary. Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence, which is an important thing to have in delivering a speech or presentation in public. It will also help determine the length of the presentation, whether it is too long or too short from the given time. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that there are five things that needs to be prepared in public speaking, which are; knowing the audience, identifying the venue, doing a thorough research on the topic, having a visual aid, and practicing. These five elements of preparation could be the key to ensuring the success of public speaking. PRESENTING When all the preparation has been done, comes the real challege; presenting. There are a few aspects speakers need to pay attention to while giving their speech. Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. Whether their purpose is to inform or persuade, language is their tool, their weapon. Therefore, how the use the language is crucial to the success of their speech. Language needs to be used clearly. Words are not limited to a universal meaning, which means that not everyone interprets a word in the same meaning or understanding. A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean of it. Language also needs to be used appropriately. When giving a speech, audience looks up to the speaker to give them something new, something useful. Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences’ expectation. Audience tends to prefer if their speaker can deliver their speech without any form of notes or texts. Speaking from the memory shows a great deal of confidence, and that will gain more respect from the audience. However, there is no harm from getting help from notes or flashcards. This can help the speaker remember and focus on their main points, and also keep their speech organized. Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the right body language. Body language includes personal appearance, movement, gesture, and eye contact. The phrase â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover† is often heard but rarely practiced. First impression will always matter in the way one person looks at another, so a speaker needs to dress appropriately. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affects the audience, for example, if the speaker keeps pacing around the room, it willl distract the audience from the topic and confuses them. Sometimes, when a speaker is feeling nervous, he or she will tend to make move their hands around or play with their hair, etc. This should be avoided at all costs, as mentioned above, to avoid making the audience feels distracted. Eye contact needs to be maintained to hold the audience. Lucas explained in his book that when speaking in front of a small audience, you can look briefly from one person to another, but in a larger audience, it is better to just scan through the audience rather than look at each person directly. It has been mentioned above that it is best if the speaker could prepare visual aids beforehand. While presenting a visual aid, the speaker needs to be clear, but by doing so, they also need to still be connected to the audience, and not be too immersed in their own visual aids. The visual aid itself should be made as large and as intersting as possible. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that has been said. They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions. Speaking in public is all about confidence.  Wearing the right clothes, movements, gesture, maintaining eye contact, and having visual aids can enhance the speakers’ confidence, and in return, will gain the respect and trust from the audience. Public speaking free essay sample Public speaking is American’s number one fear what is public speaking features communication between a speaker and an audience speaker does most of talking audience centered emphasizes the spoken word usually a prepared presentation Why study public speaking Use in Classroom Career Communication skills outrank all other qualities Community Least expect it Public Speaking: A great tradition The ancient Greeks were the first people to think formally about rhetoric –a systematic analysis of the art and practice of public speaking according to Aristotle Quintilian, Aristotle, Cicero, Socrates, Plato The tradition of public speaking flourished in colonial America during the great awakening The American revolution presented numerous opportunities to demonstrate the power of oratory Decry new taxes In the 19th century public speaking became a hallmark of American society Through public addresses Freely debate political issues, expand their knowledge, and entertain one another 20th century Woodrow- traveled the us advocating the league of nations Martin Luther King Jr Public speaking: a Dynamic Discipline From linear to transactional Communication started off as a linear process 1 way flow of ideas from speaker to audience source – a person with an idea to express message –the ideas that he/she conveys to the audience encodes – the source chooses symbols to express ideas verbal symbols – are the words that the sources uses to convey an idea nonverbal symbols – the means of making a point without the use of words such as hand gestures, movement, and facial expressions channel –the source communicates the encoded message through this medium of delivery receivers- try to make sense of the messages by decoding ecode – receivers process the source’s verbal and nonverbal symbols and form their own perception of the message meaning noise/interference – a phenomenon that disrupts communication between source and receiver Now we consider communication to be transactional Transaction – a commutative exchange in which all participants continuously send an d receive messages Feedback –using verbal or non verbal responses to send and receive messages Shared meaning – a common understanding with little confusion and few misinterpretations Awareness of audiences’ cultural diversity Culture – the values, traditions, and rules for living passed from generation to generation, is learned and influences all aspects of a persons life Worldview – the les through which he/she sees and interprets reality Emphasis on critical thinking Critical thinking – the analysis and evaluation of ideas based on reliability, truth, and accuracy Consider diverse perspectives Research Evaluate each possibility Keep an open mind A focus on free ethical communication Freedom of expression – the right to share one’s ideas and opinions free from censorship- vital in a democratic society Ethics – a set of beliefs shared by a group about what behaviors are correct and incorrect Tell the truth, help the audience make a well informed decision on your topic, avoid manipulative reasoning, incorporate research materials Why prepare Leaving too little time for planning and practicing Focusing on length rather than quality Failing to follow the assignment The Classical Approach to speech preparation Speech preparation process based on principals of rhetoric that Ancient Greeks conceptualized Public speakers have been learning these ideas for over 2,400 years Cicero-a roman lawyer, politician, and famous orator made a treatise (De Inventione) which included 5 key matters for preparing a speech (contemporary scholars referred to them as classical cannons of rhetoric ) Invention The generation of ideas for use in a speech including the speaker’s own thoughts on the topic and ideas from other sources talented speakers select the best ideas for a particular speech based on their analysis of their audience, their choice of topic and purpose, and the research and evidence they gather. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Arrangement (organization) Structuring ideas to convey them effectively to an audience Effective speakers arrange their ideas in the speech body based on the goals they hope to accomplish by delivering the speech Style The choice of language that will best express a speaker’s ideas to the audience Talented speakers state their ideas clearly, make their ideas memorable, and avoid bias. Memory (preparation) To practice and refer to the work that speakers do to remain in command of their material when they present a speech Delivery The speaker’s use of his or her voice and body during the actual presentation of a speech A strong delivery includes speakers voice, gestures, eye contact, and movements when appropriate Preparing and Delivering your first speech Analyze your audience Audience analysis- the process of learning about an audience’s interest and backgrounds in order to create a speech that meets their needs Select your topic Topic-the subject you will address in your speech Determine your Speech’s rhetorical purpose Rhetorical purpose-a primary goal for the speech Informing: increasing your audiences understanding or awareness of your subject Persuading: trying to influence your audience’s beliefs or actions with respect to your subject Marking a special occasion: speaking at and event Create a thesis statement Thesis statement (central idea or topic statement)- a single sentence that sums up your speech’s main message and reflects your narrowed topic and rhetorical purpose Determine your main points Main points-the major ideas you will emphasize in your presentation Generate supporting materials Supporting materials –information that bolsters and fleshes out the claims made in each of those points Includes examples, definitions, testimony, statistics, narratives, and analogies Brainstorming – the process of quickly listing every idea that comes to mind, without evaluating its merits, in order to develop a substantial list of ideas Your goal is to create a diverse list of many possible ideas Research- the process of gathering information from libraries quality, quality online sources, and interviews with sources who are knowledgeable about your topic Bibliographic information The author, the authors qualifications, the name of the source, publication date, the page on which you found relevant information Organize and Outline the body of your speech Outline- contains the text of your speech in complete sentences or briefer phrases A speech outline has 3 major parts Body-the core of your speech and is where you present you main message about your topic Always build the body first, the core of your speech Subpoints- explain, prove, or expand on your main points. In your outline, indicate each subpoint with a capital letter and indent each under its corresponding main point Subordination – each main point must relate to your specific purpose and each subpoint must relate to the main point it supports Outline your introduction and conclusion Introduction Attention getter Brief story, quotations, striking fact or statistic, or humorous incident Thesis statement Show the audience what’s in it for them In one or two sentences summarize why audience members should listen Establish your credibility Indicate any relevant expertise, experience, or education you have Preview your main points No more than one sentence Conclusion – summarizes what you have said and leaves the audience with a memorable impression of your presentation Summary of your main points A brief recap of the major points you mad during your speech Clincher A closing sentence or paragraph that leaves your audience with a vivid memory of your speech Incorporate transitions Transitions – a sentence that indicates you are moving from one idea to another Between the intro and your first main point Between each main point Between the final main point and conclusion Consider your word choice Word choice (diction) –can help make your speech much more memorable and engaging for listeners Consider presentation aids Presentation aid- anything that your audience members can see or hear that helps them understand and remember your message Practice your speech Extemporaneous delivery- your ability to deliver your speech smoothly and confidently from your outline without reading from it Overcoming speech anxiety Speech anxiety (stage fright) – the worry or fear that some people experience before giving a talk Select a topic you know and enjoy Start preparing early Early preparation is key Take care of yourself Plan your time so that days leading up to your speech are as relaxed as possible Visualize success visualization- reduces anxiety, you imagine yourself scoring a resounding success use relaxation techniques relaxation strategies – techniques that reduce muscle tension and negative thoughts enough rest, exercise, reading, watching a movie, listening to music†¦ volunteer to speak first Reducing speech anxiety Feedback Visualization Going first Exercising Relaxing Ethics – rules and values that a group defines to guide conduct and distinguish between right and wrong Codes of ethics: absolute, situational, and culturally relative Ethical absolutism –the belief that people should exhibit the same behavior in all situations Situational ethics – hold that correct behavior can vary depending on the situation at hand Culturally relative – cultures can vary across cultures Responsibility- when giving the speech you wield power of what your listeners thing, feel and actions they take Legal Speech, ethical speech Ethical Speech – incorporating ethical decision making into how you engage the public speaking process and ultimately what you say. Follow guidelines for telling the truth Avoid misleading the audience Legally protected speech –using the law as your boundary for what you may say and how you say it Making decisions about telling the truth or withholding information based on whether there is a legal requirement to make’s a certain action or a legal consequence for violating the rules Communicating truthfully Tell your audience the truth! Lying Intentionally seeking to deceive their audience Half truths When a speaker reveals only part of the truth and then mixes it with a lie False inference When a speaker presents information that lead listeners to an incorrect conclusion Speaker initially drop hints designed to make their audience believe something that isn’t true. Taking evidence out of context – the speaker shares a source’s data or statements without explaining how they relate to the original situation Uses these words selectively to support an argument Omission – presents mislead the audience not by what they say but by what is left unsaid Acknowledging the work of others Plagiarism – presenting another person’s words or ideas as if they were your own Quoting from a source Paraphrasing the works of others Paraphrasing – restating the original authors ideas in her own words Common knowledge Information that is widely known and disseminated in many sources Using sound reasoning Fallacious reasoning – faulty reasoning in which the link between a claim and its supporting material is weak 4 ways to misuse logic asty generalization – a speaker who intentionally generalizes about all members of a group from information based on limited part of the group post hoc (after the fact) fallacy – occurs when a speaker wrongly identifies the cause of one event as the event that immediately precede it personal attacks (ad hominem attacks) – some speakers try to compensate for weak argument by using this bandwagoning (ad populum fallacy)- avoid using reasoning that implies an argument must be true because most people believe it is. Common in ads and marketing Being an ethical listener Ethical audience- qualities include courtesy, open mindedness, and willingness to hold a speaker accountable for his or her statements Show courtesy Focus your attention on the speaker, stop any activities that may distract you or he speaker Demonstrate an open mind Avoid prejudging the speech or speaker Hold the speaker accountable Ask questions, say your opinion